Machine for crosscutting wood



(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.

P. MANKBY,

MACHINE FOR GROSSOUTTING WOOD.

No. 356,286. Patented Jan. 18, 1887.

N PETERS. Phnlo-Lflhngnphur. Washington. D. c.

4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

P. MANKEY, MACHINE FOR GROSSGUTTING WOOD.

Patented Jan 18, 1887.

N. FETERS Phnla-Limagruphcn Wah ngion. D. C.

(No Model.)

P. MANKEY.

MACHINE FOR GROSSGUTTING WOOD.

Patented Jan. 18, 1887.

lT/VESSES PETERS. Plwm-Limo n hur Washmglon. D C

ATTIOHIVEY 4 sheets-shee 4.

(N0 Model.)

P. MANKEY.

MACHINE FOR GROSSOUTTING WOOD.

No. 356,286 Patented Jan. 18, 1887.

@MT/VESSES:

A 77' ORA/E Y N. PETERS Phma-mhn n hu. wzuhin von. D. C,

- ornamental in character.

Uwrrsn STATES PATENT FFICE.

FREDERICK MANKEY, OF \VILLIAMSPOR-T, PENNSYLVANIA.

MACHINE FOR CROSSCUTTING WOOD.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 356,286, dated January18, 1887.

Application filed July 8, 1886. Serial No. 207,391. (No model.)

To all 1072 0722, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FREDERICK MANKEY, of Williamsport, Lycoming county,Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Machine for Crosscutting\Vood, of which the following is a specification.

My invention consists in a machine for crosscutting the surface of woodfor the purpose of producing'on said surface a new configuration, Bycrosscutting I mean forming channels, grooves, recesses, or

' indentations in and upon the surface of the machine.

wood, transversely or at an angle to the natural direction of the grainof said wood. By the employment of rotary cutters of various forms, andby presenting the work to the same at various angles, I am enabled toproduce relief-patterns upon the solid wood. Such patterns have hithertobeen made by forming the portions in relief separately and securing themto the surface.

In numerous prior d esign-patents granted to me I have described andclaimed a great va riety of designs for trims, moldings, panels, surfaceornamentation of walls, &c., produced upon wood in this way; and incertain mechanical patents, also hitherto granted to me, I havedescribed and claimed various processes and modes of operation wherebysuch articles are made. I have also claimed certain of said articles asnew in manufacture.

My present invention is an organized machine for the manufacture of theaforesaid ornamental trims, panels, moldings surface-ornamentations,&c., by crosscutting; and itconsists, more particularly, in thecombinations of mechanism, instrumentalities, and parts hereinafter setforth.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of mycrosscutting-machine. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is apartial section of the same on the line 00 x of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a planView showing the adjustable table for supporting the work duringdiagonal crosscutting.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts.

A is a metal casting, forming the base of the From this rise thestandards B, which support the bed 0, on which the frame which supportsthe work-table traverses, as hereinafter explained. From the rear of thebase extends upward the standard D, which branches into two horizontalarms or supports, E. These arms extend over the bed 0 and carry thecutting mechanism. I make the base A, standard B, bed 0, and standard D,up to the flanged joint F, Fig. 1, in asingle casting. The remainder ofthe standard D, above the joint F, and the arms E form another casting,and therefore the whole frame of the machine consists simply of thesetwo castings bolted together at F.

I do not mean to limit myself necessarily to a frame thus made, becauseother forms of frame may be employed; but I prefer the foregoingconstruction, inasmuch as it renders the machine of great strengthandsolidity, and prevents undue vibration of the same. The importance ofthis will be realized when it is remembered that the cutting mechanismis run at high speeds, and hence the machine is ordinarily subjected tomuch jar. On the other hand, in order that the cuts made shall be true,straight, and even, it is desirable to reduce this vibration or jar to aminimum. This, as already stated, I find best accomplished by making theframe of the two heavy castings above described.

The machine embodies two principal mechanismsnamely, the cuttingapparatus, which produces the new configuration upon the surface of thework, and the work-table and its adjusting and feeding mechanism,whereby the work is presented as may be desired to the action of thecutters. I will first describe the cutting apparatus and associatedappliances.

On the front vertical faces of the supporting-arms E are ways orprojections G, Fig. 2, of dovetail shape in horizontal section, whichenter corresponding recesses on the rear sides of the sliding plates H.On the upper sides of the arms E are standards I, which supportadjusting-screws J, whereby the sliding plates H may be moved verticallyupon the ways or projections G. Bolted to the front and rear sides ofthe plates H are angle-iron supports K. Between these supports aresecured the bearings L of the horizontal shaft M. This shaft, betweenits bearings, supports the cutter-head N, which is provided withlongitudinal dovetail grooves 0. As shown in Fig. 3, the cutting-bladesP are secured on opposite sides of the head N by bolts, nuts, andwashers in the usual well-known way.

From the ioregoing it will be seen that inasmuch as the bearings of thecnttershaft M are supported upon the slide-plates H, and as these lastmay be moved up and down by the screws J, it follows that by means ofsaid screws the cutting device may be raised or lowered, and in this waythe depth of the out upon the work may be regulated.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 3, also on the lower portion ofeach plate H is a snpporting'piecc, Q, which carries two sleeves, It.Through said sleeves pass short rods S. On each rod S above the sleeveIt is a fixed collar, T, which rests on the upper side of sleeve It. Onthe lower ends of the rods S are bearings for the rollers U V. Securedto said bearings and extending between the same on each side of themachine is a shoe or presser plate, \V. The rollers U V are placed ateach side of the cutter, and their function is to press upon, steady,and'hold the work while passing under said cutter. The lower surface ofthe shoe \V also bears upon the work and aids in steadying the same andpreventing vibration.

Fivoted. to the supporting -piece Q are weighted levers X, which rest innotches in the upper. ends of the rods S. XVhen the work passes underthe rollers U V and shoes \V, the

, rods S, supporting the bearings of said rollers,

are free to rise in their sleeves R, against, however, the downwardpressure of the weighted levers X. The object of this arrangement is toallow the shoes and rollers, while constantly pressing down upon thework, to yield slightly to any variations in its surface, so that auniform pressure thereon will always be maintained: The cutter-shaft isactuated by the belts Y, which pass over pulleys on the ends of saidshaft. Said belts pass over idlers, as shown in Fig. 1, and receivemotion from a pulley on the countershaft Z.

I will next explain the work'table and feeding mecl'ianism.

Upon the bed C are ways a a, upon which travels the frame I) in adirection longitudinally of the machine. In the central portion of theframeis a raclc-bar, c. (Dotted lines, Fig. 2.) \Vith said rack-barmeshes a pinion, d, on the upper end of the vertical shaft 0, Fig. '1.At the lower part of the shaft 0 is a bevelpinion, c, (dotted lines,Fig. 1,) which engages with a corresponding gear on the shaft 6 of thegearwvheelf, Fig. 1.. Said gear-wheel is rotated by a pinion 0n thecounter-shaft 9, same figure. On said shaft is a well-knownreversing-gear, consisting of two fixed pulleys and an intermediateloose pulley. Over said The details of this belt-shifter are well knownand constitute no part of my invention, and hence they are not heredescribed.

It will readily be understood that when the crossed belt is in actionthe counter shaftg will turn in one direction, and when the open belt isin action said shaft will turn in the opposite direction, and in thisway the movement of the pinion (I may be reversed and the frame I causedto reciprocate forward and backward on its ways. I cause this reversalof motion of the frame 1) to be effected automatically by the followingmeans: The righthand-side bar, on, Fig. 1, of the frame 1) extends overand outside the way a on that side of the machine. Said bar, on itsexterior surface, has a dovetail recess, a, in which, at any desiredpoint, may be secured the stops 0 and p by means of the set-screwsshown. Pivoted to the belt-shifting lever Zis a bell-crank lever, g,having its fulcrum at 1', Fig. 1. The Vertical arm of said lever isconnected by a rod, 3, to the shouldered plate T, which is pivoted tothe side of the bed 0.

It will be readily seen that when the frame I) reciprocates, the stop 0strikes the pivoted plate t and moves it in one direction when the frameis at theend of its travel, while when the frame reaches the oppositeextremity of its course the stop will meet the plate '6 and move it inthe other direction. The consequence, therefore, is that thebelt-shifter is thus controlled through the intermediate levers to throwthe cross-belt and the open belt alternately on and off the loosepulley, and so to cause the reciprocating movement ofthe frame b. Thestops 0 and p are both adjustable upon the bar m so that the extent oftravel of the frame b may thus be easily regulated.

Connected to the vertical arm of" the bellcrank lever q is a rod, 10,which is attached to .work-table proper, A, which rests upon the framebbetween the guides B. Said table maybe moved in its guides transverselyupon the frame I). This is done by means of the rack-bar O on the lowerside of the table, with which engages the pinion D, supported on the endof the shaft E, which is journaled in the frame I). Said shaft extendsthrough to the front side of the machine, as shown in Fig. 2, and mayhave at its extremity a crank-handle. (Not shown.) By rotating saidshaft the operator, through the engagement of the pinion D and therack-bar G, can move the table A laterally the machine and upon theframe I) at will.

The devices for securing the work, which are shown at F, upon the tableconsist in the fixed toothed bar G, secured to the upper side of thetable, and the sliding blocks H, also having a toothed edge for engagingwith the edge of the material. Said blocks are received and slide inopenings in the table, as shown in Fig. 2. Each block is actuatedbymeans of the fixed screw J, journaled in the table, upon which screw theblock moves as a nut, Fig. 3. On the ends of the screw J are beveledpinions K, with which engage the beveled pinions L on the shaft M, whichis journaled at the rear edge of the table A. By means of a crank-handle(not shown) applied to the end of said shaft M to rotate said shaft,thesliding blocks H may be moved up toward the fixed bar G, so that thework F may thus be firmly grasped between the bar G and the blocks H.

For the purpose of accurately gaging the travel of the work-tablelaterally the machine, I employ a detachable gage-bar, N. This issecured in any suitable wayas by nuts and bolts-upon a ledge on thefront edge of the table A. Pivoted to the front edge of one of theguides B is a spring-latch, 0', Fig. 2, the engaging end of which isadapted to enterone of the series of notches formed upon the edge of thegage-bar N. The gage-bar N, as here shown, has a series of notches oneach edge; but it will be observed that the notches on one edge areseparated by wider intervals than those on the other edge. I may employeither series of notches at will. The object of the gage-bar B and latchO is to enable the operator to. move the work-table A in a directionlaterally the machine over regular and uniform distances, and thereby toproduce on the work supported 011 said table correspondingly-spacedcuts.

The operation ofmy machine will now easily be followed. The plank,board, or block F which is to be crosscut upon its upper surface issecured between the fixed bar G and the sliding blocks H upon the tableA. The cutter-shaft M is then set in motion by the "belts Y. From thedriving-shaft of said belts Y a belt, 1?, extends to the counter-shaft,on which are the pulleys which drive the belts h and z,- hence, as thecutter-shaft revolves, the table A is moved beneath the cutter, whichcrosscuts the surface of the material. Meanwhile the work, while passingunder the cutter, is steadied by the rollers U V and shoes W. \Vhen theframe I) has reached the desired limit of its travel, the stop 0 strikesthe plate 15 and causes the belts to shift. The frame b then travels inthe opposite direction, and at the same time the table A is moved by theoperator in a direction laterally the machine, so that when the motionof frame b is once more changed a new surface of the plank or board willbe presented to the cutter. This is repeated until the whole length ofthe board, plank, or block is crosscut.

I will now describe the appliance for holding the work when it isdesired to produce the crosscutting diagonally thereupon or at an angleto the natural direction of the grain of the wood other than a rightangle. This appliance is shown in Fig. 4. It consists in an elongatedframe or support, l,which is placed upon the work-table and pivotedthereon by means of the central pivot-pin, 2, dotted lines. Upon saidframe, and in suitable guideways thereon, is a work-table, 3. On thelower side of said table is a rack-bar, 4, with which engages the pinion5 on the frame 1. Said pinion is rotated by the pinion 6, also pivotedon said frame and provided with a crank-handle, 7. When the said handleis rotated, the table 3 is moved longitudinally upon the frame 1.

The work F is held upon the table between a fixed bar, 9, and slidingblocks 10,which blocks arcactuated by screws and bevel-gear incommunication with the shaft 11 in substantially the same way as thesliding blocks H are arranged and operated, as already described.

Inasmuch as the frame 1 is carried by the table A, which, as alreadydescribed, is carried by the frame I), under the cutter, it follows thatthe scores or channels formed by the cutter will be made diagonallyacross the work F, and that the angle which said scores make to thelongitudinal edges of the work F will be governed by the angle at whichthe frame 1 is placed with reference to the line of the cutter-shaftllI. As thefralne 1 is pivoted at 2, said frame may be adjusted at anyangle with reference to the line of the cutter-shaft. For this purposenear the end of frame 1 is formed an arc-shaped slot, 8, through whichpasses the set-screw 12, which is secured in a suitable opening in thetable A. By loosening this screw the frame 1 may easily be turned byhand to the desired angle,and then clamped in place by said set-screwl2. Along one edge of the frame 1 divisions 13 are laid off, by whichmeans the extent of movement of'the table can be observed and regulated.

I claim- 1. The combination of a rotary cutter adapted to crosscut thesurface of wood at an angle to the grain thereof, asupportand means(such as clamps) for rigidly holding the object to be crosscut thereon,feeding mechanism for moving said support beneath and thereby subjecting said object to the action of said cutter, yieldingpresser-rollers adapted to bear upon said object in front and in rear ofsaid cutter, and yielding presser-shoes adapted to bear upon said objectat each side of said cutter,

said fast and loose pulleys, substantially as,

described.

3. The combination of the bed 0, frame I), a

means (such as a work-table and clamps) for securing the object to becrosscut upon said frame, a rotary cutter supported above said frame,rack-bar a, pinion d, shaft e, bevel-pinion 6, and corresponding pinionon shaft 0, shaft g, fast and loose pulleys on shaft g, gearing betweensaid shalt g and shaft 6, belts h and i, and means for shifting saidbelts upon said fast and loose pulleys controlled by the lever Z,bell-crank lever q, rod 8, pivoted plate It, and adjustable stops on thesaid frame 0, substantially as described.

4. The combination of vertically sliding plates H and supports for thesame, means (such as screws J) for vertically adjusting said plates,supports Q, carried by said plates and carrying the vertical sleeves R,rollers U V, having their bearing; supported on rods S, collars T onsaid rods, and weighted levers X, bearing on said rods and pivoted tosaid supports Q, substantially as described.

5. The combination of verticallysliding plates H and supports for thesame, means (such as screws J) for vertically adjusting said plates,supports Q, carried by said platr s and carrying the vertical sleeves R,rollers U V, having their bearings supported on rods S,

6. The combination of two vertically-adjustable supports, a rotary shaftcarried by said supports, a cutter on said shaft between said supports,and two yielding presser-rollers also carried by and between saidsupports and disposed parallel and respectively on each side of saidcuttershaft, substantially as described.

7. The combination of the verticallysliding plates H and supports forthe same, means (such as screws J) for vertically adjusting said plates,supports K, bearings L, cuttersha'ft M, (the said shaft carrying acutting mechanism,) supports Q, sleeves It, rods S, weighted levers X,rollers U V, and shoes V, substantially as described.

FREDERICK MANKEY.

Witnesses:

J AMES S. Gnnvns, EDGAR QoonwIN.

